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Which factors can affect the performance and lifespan of lithium - ion batteries?
2025-02-19
In the 1970s, M. S. Whittingham began to study lithium-ion batteries. Later, he was known as the "father of rechargeable lithium batteries" and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2019.
Due to the highly reactive chemical properties of lithium, it is easy prone to chemical reactions, which makes the processing, storage, and use of lithium metal have extremely high requirements for the environment. At the same time, the inside of a lithium battery is a complex chemical reaction system, and it has high requirements for the storage environment.
So, what factors can affect the performance and lifespan of lithium batteries? How should we extend their service life?
I. Depth of Discharge and Number of Charge Cycles
The number of charge cycles is related to the depth of discharge. The greater the depth of discharge of the battery, the smaller the number of charge cycles. The number of charge cycles * depth of discharge = the number of completed total charge cycles. The higher the number of completed total charge cycles, the longer the lifespan of the battery, the number of charge cycles * depth of discharge = actual battery lifespan.
II. Overcharging, Overdischarging, and Large Charging and Discharging Currents
Any form of overcharging battery will lead to serious damage to the performance of lithium batteries, and may even cause an explosion. Overcharging lithium battery should be avoided.
At the same time, deep discharging below 2.5V should be avoided. Otherwise, it will quickly and permanently damage the lithium ion battery. Internal metal plating may also occur, causing a short circuit and making the battery unusable or unsafe. In addition, large charging and discharging currents should also be avoided, because large currents exert excessive pressure on the battery.
III. Overheating or Overcooling Environments
Temperature has a significant impact on the lifespan of lithium batteries. In an environment below zero degrees Celsius, the lithium battery is very likely to be burned out the moment the electronic product is turned on. Conversely, an overheated environment will reduce the battery capacity. In the scorching sunlight or in a stuffy and hot car, the digital product can be turned off, because once the operating temperature exceeds 60°C, the lithium-ion battery will age more rapidly. The charging temperature range of a lithium battery is 0 - 45°C, and the discharging temperature range of a lithium-ion battery is 0 - 60°C.
IV. Long-term Full Charge and No Charge States
Both a too high or too low battery charge state are not conducive to maintaining the lifespan of the lithium battery. When in a state of no charge or low charge for a long time, the resistance to the movement of electrons inside the lithium battery will increase, resulting in a decrease in battery capacity. The lithium battery is best kept at a medium charge state, that is, at 50% charge, the battery has the longest lifespan. Generally, maintaining a battery charge level between 10% and 90% is beneficial for protecting the battery.
Carry Zhang
poeae@liliangbattery.com
www.lliliangbattery.com
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